ĭuring World War II, most of the Top End was placed under military government.
Soon after this time, parts of the Northern Territory were considered in the Kimberley Plan as a possible site for the establishment of a Jewish Homeland, understandably considered the "Un promised Land". įor a brief time between 19 the Northern Territory was divided into North Australia and Central Australia at the 20th parallel of South latitude. However, the name change never went ahead. The names "Kingsland" (after King George V and to correspond with Queensland), "Centralia" and "Territoria" were proposed with Kingsland becoming the preferred choice in 1913. In late 1912 there was growing sentiment that the name "Northern Territory" was unsatisfactory. Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863 Either we must accomplish the peopling of the northern territory or submit to its transfer to some other nation." Alfred Deakin opined at this time "To me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. On 1 January 1911, a decade after federation, the Northern Territory, alongside the Australian Capital Territory, was separated from South Australia and transferred to federal control. Gold was found at Grove Hill in 1872 and at Pine Creek, Brocks Creek, Burundi, and copper was found at Daly River. Victoria River Downs was at one time the largest cattle station in the world. The economic pattern of cattle raising and mining was established so that by 1911 there were 513,000 cattle. įrom its establishment in 1869 the Port of Darwin was the major Territory supply for many decades.Ī railway was built between Palmerston and Pine Creek between 18. Under the administration of colonial South Australia, the overland telegraph was constructed between 18. The Northern Territory was part of South Australia from 1863 to 1911. The land now occupied by the Northern Territory was part of colonial New South Wales from 1825 to 1863, except for a brief time from February to December 1846, when it was part of the short-lived colony of North Australia. With the coming of the British, there were four early attempts to settle the harsh environment of the northern coast, of which three failed in starvation and despair. Humans have lived in the present area of the Northern Territory since at least 48.4 to 68.7 thousand years ago and for at least the last five centuries of that time, extensive seasonal trade links are said to have existed between the Indigenous peoples of this area and what is now Indonesia. Main article: History of the Northern Territory Residents of the Northern Territory are often known simply as "Territorians" and fully as "Northern Territorians", or more informally as "Top Enders" and "Centralians". Besides the capital of Darwin, the major settlements are (in order of size) Palmerston, Alice Springs, Katherine, Nhulunbuy and Tennant Creek. The territory’s population is concentrated in coastal regions and along the Stuart Highway. The economy is based largely on mining and petroleum, which during 2018–2019 contributed 23% of the gross state product, or $5.68 billion, accounting for 92.4% of exports. After three failed attempts to establish a settlement (1824–28, 1838–49, and 1864–66), success was achieved in 1869 with the establishment of a settlement at Port Darwin. The British were the first Europeans to attempt to settle the coastal regions. The coast of the territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century. Reportedly the Makassan traders began a relationship with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory around the trading of trepang from at least the 18th century. The archaeological history of the Northern Territory may have begun over 60,000 years ago when humans first settled this region of the Sahul Continent. It is sparsely populated, with a population of only 247,000 – fewer than half as many people as Tasmania – the majority of whom live in the capital city of Darwin. The NT covers 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third-largest Australian federal division, and the 11th-largest country subdivision in the world. To the north, the territory looks out to the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria, including Western New Guinea and other islands of the Indonesian archipelago. Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Australia to the west ( 129th meridian east), South Australia to the south ( 26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east ( 138th meridian east). The Northern Territory ( NT formally the Northern Territory of Australia ) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia.
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